Common European Framework of Reference for Languages

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, or the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment, to give it its full title, but obviously more frequently abbreviated to CEF or CEFR, is a benchmark used to measure the language achievements of language learners across Europe.

It was created by the Council of Europe as part of the project "Language Learning for European Citizenship" between 1989 and 1996. Its objective is to provide a Europe-wide method of assessing language learning in the continent. The same measuring system is used for the The Europass Language Passport.

It is based on the ALTE analysis of overall general ability.

While it is undeniably true that a common reference point against which to measure examinations and qualifications is good idea, it is perhaps unfortunate that a description such as "B" is substantially less immediately informative than the word "intermediate".

Levels
The Common European Framework divides learners into three broad divisions which can be divided into six levels:


 * A Basic Speaker (beginner)
 * A1 Breakthrough or beginner
 * A2 Waystage or elementary
 * B Independent Speaker (intermediate)
 * B1 Threshold or intermediate
 * B2 Vantage or upper intermediate
 * C Proficient Speaker (advanced)
 * C1 Effective Operational Proficiency or advanced
 * C2 Mastery or proficiency

The CEFR describes what a learner is supposed to be able to do in reading, listening, speaking and writing at each level.

Deutsche Welle (sponsored by the German government) suggests A-1 is reached with about 75 hours of German study. A-2.1 about 150 hours. A-2.2 about 225 hours. B 1.1 about 300 hours. B 1.2 about 400 hours.

These descriptors can apply to any of the languages spoken in Europe, and there are translations in many languages.