User:Rëdbl Speling/Rüls/Decisions

Thës ar the results of the decisions wë had to mäk.

Wë must hav a simpl wä of speling shwa
One solütion woud be to hav a shwa letr, ëther ə or an existing vowel. Howevr this vïolätes the rül of nö repläcemnts. A very gööd alternativ was invented by orthographr Christopher Upward in his work Cut Speling and is the l-m-n-r rül wich says that in many cäses /əl, əm, ən, ər/ cn be ritn without a vowel, as in norml, rythm, lessn or doctr.

Wë must be äbl to tel the difrence betwën sö-calld long and short vowels
This rül is the bäse of our method. There ar thrë alternativs: Üs long marks, üs short marks or üs böth. Too many clashes. For example wd bë chänged to.
 * Önly short marks

Too many symbls. Almöst all words wd bë chänged. On the positiv sïd, many difrences that ar hidn in the prëvius method, ar aparnt hër. For exampl, the thrë-wä difrnce cn bë ësily sepräted. (E.g. ).
 * Long and short marks

Othr exampls: hăpy, bāby, many; prŏblm, ōnly, brothr; stŭdy, mūsic, busy. In all cäses the unaccented vowel has an unpredictbl sound, but the two möst comn sounds cn bë discarded.

This alternativ has less symbls, but mä not be äbl to difrentiät.
 * Önly long marks

Wë selected önly long marks anywä. Wë had to recur to dubl R for the thrë wä difrentiätion (cary, starry and väry).

Wat caractr must bë üsd for the long mark
Macrn: dānger, ēvl, tīny, nōmad, stūdnt

Dïeresis or umlaut: dänger, ëvl, tïny, nömad, stüdnt

Circmflex: dânger, êvl, tîny, nômad, stûdnt

Macrns üs two bÿts in Ünicöd. Selecting dïeresis/umlaut vs. circmflex is tötly arbitrary, becaus böth ar in 8-bit Ünicöd, and in the ÜS-Intrnationl këbord. Nöt that Ÿ, Ŷ and ŷ ar not in 8-bit Ünicöd. They cd ësily bë aded to the ÜS-Intrnationl këbord.

Mäbe circmflex is üsful for the "fi" sëquence: fïn vs. fîn. Mäbë some fonts wil hav to bë redesïnd: fï n, fïn.

Wë selected umlaut/dïeresis anywä.

Wat näm must hav the two dots övr a vowel
Dïeresis: sepräts a diphthong (as in naïve).

Umlaut: chänges the valüe of a vowel (as in München).

Umlaut is a betr word.

Long and short pre-rotic vowels
Befor R the chänges in sound are similr but not ïdenticl.

(*)The absnce of umlaut in force is a decision in itself.

Long and short vowels (full täbl)
This täbl önly shös the sö-calld long and short sounds of vowels. It is missing the shärd sound or VrV sound of R.

The FORCE vowel
Curently the words "north" and "force" hav the säm vowel in möst (but not all) dïalects. Similrly, "horse" and cn be miniml pärs insted of homophöns. Wë cd spel "north",, "horse" and , but wë decïded to drop the difrence. In the cäse of the animl and the adjectiv mëning rugh, böth words ar speld "horse" (they ar new homnyms).

The män problm
Vowel letrs nëd at lëst thrë valüs for the sëquence VrV, where V is any vowel.
 * Long monophtong as /ɑː/ in starry
 * Rotic diphthong as // in scäry
 * The shärd sound, which is presnt befor any consnant, as /æ/ in trap or arid.

In traditional speling there ar two speling patrns for the thrë sounds. For example, "ar" mä sound /eə/ (scary) or /æ/ (arid); "arr" mä sound /æ/ (carry) or /ɑː/ (starry). For this rësn it is a chalenge to hav a speling that is rëdbl.

Umlauts
To mäk the difrence of vs. arid or  vs. cherish thë ansr is obvius: umlaut. Wë spel scäry and përiod.

In this täbl önly umlauted words hav Rëdbl Speling. Wë dön't alwäs shö the difrence betwën /aɪə/ and /aɪ/: admïrer and vïrus. Howevr in some cäses we cn shö /aɪə/ as in hïer (cmparativ of hï).

At this step there ar two speling patrns for two sounds, but they ar mixd. /ɑːr/ mä bë represented bÿ "ar" or "arr" (start, starry); this is alsö the cäse of /ær/ (carry, arid).

Arid, carry, starry
The folöing täbl has önly the sounds that arn't rëdbl yet (in traditional speling, exept for nurish).

Alternativ 1: "VrV" is the monophtong, "VrrV" is shared sound Alternativ 2: "VrV" is the shared sound, "VrrV" is the monophthong
 * stary, sari, carry. There is no wä to chänge arid.
 * arid, cary, starry. There is no wä to chänge sari.

Sari is an exeption (also safari and farawä, and probably nothing else). This forces to üs alternativ 2. Wë ar ading a dubl letr, howevr it has a special mëning; "rr" can bë thöüt of as a dïgraph.

Fïnl täbl, exept for O
The prëvius section prodüces this täbl.

The wä to represent the sounds for O requïrs aditionl decisions. Since we alredy gäv up to represent the FORCE vowel, we wön't cnsidr north vs..

Glöry, torid
Wë can avoid the umlaut in force (ëvn if it is the long sound) becaus there is nö short sound wen r is folöd by a consnant. Nöt that wë hav the pärs abhor/abhöring, stor/störing.

Glory, törid
An alternative is to swich the umlauts (glory and törid). This genräts a tolrbl incnsistncy: /ɒ/ is normly ritn "o", except befor "r", where it is "ö". Verbs, on thë other hand, ar consistnt: abhor/abhoring, stor/storing.

Selected täbl
The incnsistency stor/störing is betr than expläning that törid has a short (shared) vowel.

Nöt that (unfortunatly) "cary" and "sari" dön't shö their lack of rÿm weras in traditional speling it is shön: "carry" and "sari".

Speling patrns
Hër V means an umlautless vowel, U mëns an umlauted vowel, C is a cnsonant and # is the end of the word.

The second V in "VrV" means any vowel sound (inclüding unritn shwa).

Ritn shwa befor l-m-n-r
Cnsidr the patrn VrƏL where V is any vowel letr, Ə is any vowel letr sounding /ə/ and L is "l", "m", "n", or "r". If insted of "r" we had any other consonant, the patrn VCƏL woud be speld VCL. Howevr, dü to the special behävior of "r", Ə must be ritn.

Moral vs morl
With the letr "o" /ɒ/ vs. /ɔː/ we cn spel /ˈmɒrəl/ and flörl /ˈflɔːrəl/.

There is an ambigüity, howevr. Storm cd bë /stɒrəm/ or /stɔːrm/.

For that rësn wë spel moral, flörl, storm.

In this täbl x is an omited shwa.

The umlaut in glöry
It wd bë nïce (at lëst for British pëpl) to shö the difrence betwën "" /ˈglɔːriː/ and "" /ˈtɒrɪd, tɔːrɪd/. Insted of këping the dubl "rr" in "" wë ad an umlaut to "glöry". This mëns that "stor" and "störing" ar speld incnsistntly.

Dubl R
It woudn't bë a big problm to hav the säm speling for cary /ˈkærɪ/ and starry /ˈstɑːrɪ/. Howevr since the curent speling üses dubl "r" cnsistntly in derïvd words (unlïk /æ/ arid-), it's säfe to këp it. In Recëvd Pronunciätion thë extra "r" in "furry" /ˈfɜːrɪ/ is expländ as a wä to shö the difrnce with /ˈhʌrɪ/ (the säm is valid for "star", "starry" and "cary"). For the pëpl ho rïm "hury" and "furry" thë explnätion is that a derivativ of an r-ending word must ad anothr R.

Sory, söry, sorry, or sörry
There are exactly 5 words pronounced /ɒ, ɑː/: borrö, sorry, sorrö, tmorrö and morrö.

We cn discard "" because it unambigüusly sugests /sɔːriː/, which is wrong for Recëvd Pronunciation and Genrl Americn (but it is corect, for exampl, for möst Cnädians.

Sory
This is like üsing Recëvd Pronunciätion.

Sörry
The simplest answer is "sorry".

Could, should, would
Umlaut:. This speling ads too many dots.

U:. Fortunatly there ar nö words /kʌd, ʃʌd/ and /wʌd/. Howevr thës spelings bräk the rül of not simplifÿing wen the new speling sugests a rong pronunciätion.

Unchänged vowels: coud, shoud, woud. Thës words are sö comn that for a stüdnt it is ësy to lern their pronunciätion. Fortunatly there ar nö words /kaʊd, ʃaʊd/ and /waʊd/. Wë këp this speling for the strong form, and for cntractions.

The wëk forms cn bë ritn cd, shd, wd.

öö
The sëquence "öö" cn bë üsd. It is logicl to üs it for /ʊ/ (fööt, goose, blood) rather than /uː/ (, foot, blood) becaus in this wä wë ad less umlauts.

öü
We can üs this patrn for watevr wë want.

Thës comn words hav "ough" as /ɔː/:.

We can üs "öü" for them:.

We discard this alternativ, and dön't üs "öü", becaus it is not clër for the rëder.

We alredy discarded, and.

ought
This speling sugests that "bout" rÿms with "about". We dicarded this alternativ in the previus section. We can't simplifÿ "ought" to "ot" for two rësns: "bot" woud become a hetrnym and the speling "ot" sugests a rÿm with "lot", not with "caut". Sïlent "g" doesn't exist in Rëdbl Speling Sïlent "h" is not ïdeal, but "thoht" is betr than "", "", "" or "".
 * "out"
 * "öüt"
 * "ot"
 * "ogt"
 * "oht"

talk, walk, chalk
Nö alternativ is good, and we must setl with the curent speling.
 * tak, wak, chak sugests /tæk, wæk, tʃæk/. "Taking" and "waking" woud be clashes
 * talk, walk, chalk sugests /tælk, wælk, tʃælk/, and it has a sïlnt letr, wich we avoid. On thë other hand, we cn sä that "alk" is a trïgraph sounding /ɔːk/
 * tälk, wälk, chälk sugests /teɪlk, weɪlk, tʃeɪlk/. We cn sä that the trïgraph "älk" sounds /ɔːk/.

Words ending in "-se"
Wë can't supress the sïlnt e in "dense" /dns/ becaus it wd bë a hetronym of "dens" /dnz/.

If a word ends in /s/ wë këp the sïlnt e.

Supress or këp "e" wen "-se" sounds /z/
Supressing the e redüces the ambigüity /s/ vs. /z/ in many words: cäse vs. phäs.

Many hetronyms ar split: abüse vs. abüs. Nöt, howevr, that the plürl and third person continü to bë hetronyms: abüses /əˈbjuːsɪz/ and /əˈbjuːzɪz/.

If wë këp the sïlent e wë shö that is not the plürl of "plë"; howevr /əˈbjuːs/ and /əˈbjuːz/ continü to bë hetronyms.

Cnclüsion: if a word ends in /z/ wë supress the sïlnt e.

Supress or këp "e" wen "-pse" sounds /ps/
Nö hetronyms wd bë generäted; "lapse" and "laps" are homophöns (unlïk "dense" and "dens").

Supressing the e has shortr words.

Këping the e lets us tel that "lapse" is not the plürl of "lap".

We këp the sïlnt e. In this wä the rül is ësy: If a word ends in /s/ wë këp the sïlnt e.

Simplifÿing shwa
Shwa can be represented bÿ at möst one vowel. In this section wë ar not concernd with the cäse of omited shwa (as in doctr).


 * "ous" becomes "us", to be cnsistnt with words like gënius or vïrus: dängerus, marvlus, nümrus
 * "our" becomes "or", to be cmpatbl with Americn speling: color, corägeus
 * "geous" or "gious" become "geus" or "gius": advntägeus, contägius, corageus, gorgeus
 * "in othr cäses "ge" or "gi" drop the othr vowels:
 * bludgen, chängebl, dungen
 * alëgince, Belgin, Norwëgin, plägirism, religin